Small Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis urticae)
The Small Tortoiseshell is one Britain’s most widespread butterflies, though its numbers have declined over the last few years, especially in the south. The two sexes are almost identical, with the distinctive yellow and orange uppersides. Their undersides are dull and provide the butterfly good camouflage when hibernating.
Habitat
Small Tortoiseshells are found in a variety of habitats, ranging from city centres to mountain tops, though they are more frequent in grasslands. They hibernate in hollow trees, wood piles and outbuildings, such as a garages, sheds or barns.
Behaviour
Like other butterflies, males set up territories where they lie in wait for a passing female. When a female enters the territory, a curious courtship begins, which involves the male "drumming" his antennae on the females wings. You can hear it if you listen carefully!
Feeding
Adults feed on Bramble, Primrose, Common Ragwort, Dandelion, Ivy, knapweeds and thistles, amongst other plants. Caterpillars primarily feed on Stinging Nettles.
Life cycle
Eggs are laid in messy batches on the undersides of Stinging Nettle leaves. After 1-3 weeks the eggs hatch and the caterpillars build a communal web at the top of the nettle, where they feed on the plant. The caterpillars wander off to find a suitable site top pupate, before emerging as an adult 2-4 weeks later.